奥地利 – Fruit trees and Grapevines – Virus Resistance – BOKU Austria

背景资料和相关的搜索结果

The soil-borne nepovirus Grapevine Fanleaf Virus (GFLV) causes grapevine fanleaf disease and Plum Pox Potyvirus (PPV) infects stone fruit trees causing Sharka disease. Control of viral vectors in woody plants either remains inefficient or is being restricted because of the detrimental effects of the pesticides on the environment. Given the economic importance of these viruses, several attempts were made to achieve resistance by the introduction of CP genes.

In order to produce resistant apricots, cherries, plums and grapevines not only an efficient protection, but also environmental safety aspects were considered. Concerns have been raised regarding potential ecological risks of transgenic plants. Although these concerns deserve attentive observation, only experimental data in a step-by-step approach will allow judging the value of these crops.

Since for experimental field trials in Austria data on a precise molecular characterization of the different events is a prerequisite, this was achieved by Southern blot and PCR analyses, both of T-DNA and backbone vector sequences.

Transgene instability has been repeatedly addressed as adverse long-term effect. In our studies the expression in woody plants, such as stone fruits, appears to be stable under in vitro and in vivo conditions, both in the greenhouse and over long period under screenhouse conditions.

Final judgement about the value of the transgenic lines can be obtained only by infection trials to determine, which of the lines exhibits a protected phenotype, while maintaining interesting agronomic traits.

发展阶段

In vitro assays at the lab level, in planta assays in the greenhouse and in the screenhouse have been successfully conducted.

原因推迟, 转向或停止研究

Field experiments with virus gene expressing fruit trees and grapevines resistant against different viruses (PPV and GFLV) could not be conducted, because of the hurdles of liability, e.g. insurance requirements.

已成好处

The cultivation of genetically engineered fruit trees and grapevines with resistance to virus diseases could substantially reduce the use of insecticides in these crops, 维护更高数量和质量的产率, even under high pathogen pressure. This would have a direct beneficial impact on the environment, 人类健康, 生产成本和这些作物的盈利. 有机农民可以特别是从这些植物中获益, since they would ensure an acceptable and reasonable level of protection and reduce the need for synthetic pesticides.

更一般, the use of these plants will ensure the future production of fruits and grapevines in Europe, maintain the positive effect of landscape conservation and reduce the dependence on imports of these foods.

研究费用

The research efforts initiated in the late 1980ies were supported by the Austrian Ministries BMWF and BMLFUW, the EU and the University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU) with an amount of ~1.587.000 €.

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参考

Maghuly F., Khan M.A., Borroto Fernandez E., Druart P., Bernard Watillon B., Laimer M. 2008. Stress regulated expression of the GUS-marker gene (uidA) under the control of plant calmodulin and viral 35S promoters in a model fruit tree rootstock: Prunus incisa x serrula. Ĵ. Biotechn. 135: 105-116

Prins M., Laimer M., Noris E., Schultz J., Wassenegger M., Tepfer M. 2008. Strategies for antiviral resistance in transgenic plants. Mol. Plant Pathol. 9: 73-83.

Laimer M. 2007. Transgenic grapevines. Transgenic Plant Journal 1 (1): 219-227.

Maghuly F., da Câmara Machado A., Leopold S., Khan M.A., Katinger H., Laimer M. 2007. Long-term stability of marker gene expression in Prunus subhirtella: A model fruit tree species. Ĵ. of Biotechn. 127: 310-321.

Laimer M. 2006. Virus resistance breeding in fruit trees. 在: Transgenic Trees. Fladung M. and Ewald D. eds. Springer. 181-199.

Maghuly F., Leopold St., da Câmara Machado A., Borroto Fernandez E., Khan M.A., Gambino G., Gribaudo I., Schartl A., Laimer M. 2006. Molecular characterization of grapevine plants with GFLV Resistance Genes: II. Plant Cell Rep. 25: 546-553.

Laimer M., Mendonça D., Myrta A., Boscia D., Katinger H. 2005. Molecular characterization of Austrian PPV isolates. Phytopath. Polonica 36: 25 – 32.

Laimer M., Mendonça D., da Câmara Machado A., Maghuly F., Khan M., Katinger H. 2005. Resistance breeding against PPV in Austria: State of the art. Phytopath. Polonica 36: 97 – 105.

Gambino G., Gribaudo I., Leopold St., Schartl A. and Laimer M. 2005. Molecular characterization of grapevine plants with GFLV Resistance Genes: 我. 植物细胞报告 24: 655 -662.

Laimer M. 2005. The biotechnology`s contribution to meeting today`s challenges. Fifth Vienna Globalization Symposium. 13. – 14. 5. 2004. 227 – 232.

Laimer M., Mendonça D., Maghuly F., Marzban G., Leopold S., Khan M., Kirilla Z., Balla I. and Katinger H. 2005. Biotechnology of temperate fruit trees. Acta Biochim. Polon. 52 (3): 673-678.

Laimer M. 2004. The GMO Debate: The European Responses. Reports of the 4. Transatlantic Conference on American-European Universities Partnerships in Food and Agricultural Education and Research. Ç. Karssen (ed.) Beauvais, 2. – 3. 四月 2003. 80-89.

Laimer M. 2003. Characterisation of transgenic fruit trees and analyses of direct and indirect biological interactions. 在: Ecological Impact of GMO Dissemination in Agro-Ecosystems. (eds. Lelley T., Balázs E. and Tepfer M.) Facultas, 维也纳: 101-113.

Laimer M., Mendonça D., Arthofer W., Hanzer V., Myrta A., Boscia D. 2003. Occurrence of different plum pox virus strains in several stone fruit species in Austria. Opt. Médit. Sér. 乙 45: 79-83.

Laimer M. 2003. The development of transformation of temperate woody fruit crops. 在: Laimer M. and Rücker W. 2003. Plant Tissue Culture: 100 years since Gottlieb Haberlandt. Springer Verlag, Wien: 217-242.

Minafra A., Goelles R., da Câmara Machado A., Saldarelli P., Buzkan N., Savino V., Martelli G.P., Katinger H., Laimer da Câmara Machado M. 1998. Expression of the coat protein gene of grapevine virus A and B in Nicotiana, and evaluation of the resistance conferred to transgenic plants. Ĵ. of Plant Pathol. 80:197-202.

Gölles R., da Câmara Machado A., Tsolova V., Bouquet A., Moser R., Katinger H., Laimer da Câmara Machado M. 1997. Transformation of somatic embryos of Vitis sp. with different constructs containing nucleotide sequences from nepovirus coat protein genes. Acta Hort. 447: 265-272.

da Câmara Machado A., Puschmann M., Pühringer H., Kremen R., Katinger H., Laimer da Câmara Machado M. 1995. Somatic embryogenesis of Prunus subhirtella autumno-rosa and regeneration of transgenic plants after Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Plant Cell Rep. 14: 335-340.

Laimer da Câmara Machado M., da Câmara Machado A., Hanzer V., Weiß H., Regner F., Steinkellner H., Mattanovich D., Plail R., Knapp E., Kalthoff B., Katinger H. 1992. Regnereration of transgenic plants of Prunus armeniaca containing the coat protein gene of Plum Pox Virus. Plant Cell Rep. 11: 25-29

首席研究员

Margit Laimer, Pflanzenbiotechnologie Gruppe, IAM, Department Biotechnologie, Universität für Bodenkultur (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, 奥地利

联系信息

m.laimer@iam.boku.ac.at

其他参考

HTTP://www.biotec.boku.ac.at/pbu.html

HTTP://www.boku.ac.at/sicherheitsforschung/open-e.htm