Advocate Generalis Secundum Bobek, nactus es? organismorum in mutagenesis, in principium, exempti oneribus et a Genetically Modified Consociationes Notationes directivae.
Concilium a gene Magnoliopsida Rosales Rosaceae dicitur constitutio de plantis curatum
October 13, 2017Stans Scientia enim EU officinas
January 26, 2018Iudicium Iustitiae Unionis Europaeae
PRESS RELEASE No 04/18, Luxemburgum, 18 January 2018
Opinio Advocati Generalis in Causa C-528/16
Quod 'GMO Directivum'1 deliberatam remissionem in ambitu organismi genesimiliter mutati regit (GMOs) et locatio eorum in foro intra EU. Praesertim, organismi auctoritate directiva tegunt post environmental periculum taxationem. Subsunt etiam ad traceability, labeling obligationes magna. Directivum non facit, autem, applicare ad organismi per certas artes modificationis geneticae, ut mutagenesis ('de mutagenesis exemptionis'.). Secus transgenesis, mutagenesis non facit, in principium, insertionem alienae DNA in organismum vivum secumferunt. Hoc facit, autem, involvit alterationem genome speciei vivae. Artes mutagenesis effecit ut seminum varietates cum elementis repugnantibus herbicide selectivo excolerent.
Confédératio paysanne est unio agriculturae Gallica defendens utilitates rusticae parvae. Una cum octo aliis consociationibus, coram Conseil d'État actionem attulit (Concilium Civitatis, Gallia) ut contendat ordinationem Gallicam transponendo GMO Directive2. Mutagenesis artes arguunt quod evolvitur in tempore. Ante adoptionem GMO Directivum in 2001, modo conventionales vel temere methodi mutagenesis vivo ad integras plantas applicatae sunt. exim*, technicae progressus ad technicis technicis cessum mutagenesis quasi methodorum mutagenesis iaculis induxit, quae certam mutationem in gene adipiscendam praebent., pro exemplo, de productum repugnant quaedam herbicides tantum. pro Confédératione paysanne et in aliis consociationibus, usus herbicidarum repugnantium seminum varietatum quae mutagenesis consecutae periculum significant detrimentum in ambitu et sanitati humanae et animalis..
Hoc loco, Curia Iustitiae invitatur a Gallis Conseil d'État ad declarandum exactum scopum directivi GMO, specie ambit, rationale et effectus mutagenesis exemptionis, ac perpendere ad suam validitatem. Curia etiam invitatur ad indicandum quamnam partem temporis decursus et cognitionis technicae et scientificae evolvendae circa tum iuris interpretationem tum aestimationem validitatis legislationis EU., ferri cum cautela in mente.
Hodierna opinio, Advocatus Generalis Michal Bobek in primis considerat organismum mutagenesis consecutum posse esse GMO si criteria substantiva in GMO Directive3 statuta adimpleat.. Observat directivam DNA in organismo alienae inseri non indigere ut haec notetur ut GMO., sed solum dicit quod materia genetica ita est alterata quae naturaliter non est. Ingenium apertum finitum illius definitionis permittit organismos per methodos aliis consecutos quam transgenesis cadere sub notione GMO.. PRAETEREA, inconveniens esset eximere quaedam organismos mutagenesis ab applicatione directivi consecuti, si organismi illae imprimis GMOs notari non possent..
Tunc advocatus Generalis examinat utrum exemptio mutagenesis in GMO directiva praevisa debeat significare omnes artes mutagenesis vel tantum aliquas artes.. Secundum eum, ad solam distinctionem pertinet quae exemptionis muta- tionis ambitum declarare debet est cautione in Annex I B directivae GMO expressae., nimirum utrum ars 'involvit usum recombinantis moleculis acidi nuclei vel GMOs aliis quam productis mutagenesis vel fusione cellarum plantarum organismi quae materiam geneticam per methodos feturas traditas commutare possunt'.. Sequitur quod technicae mutagenesis immunes sint ab obligationibus GMO directivae, dummodo usum acidum nuclei recombinantis moleculis vel GMOs non involvant praeter ea quae ab uno vel pluribus modis in Annex I B recensentur..
Advocatus Generalis indicat nec contextus historicus nec logica interna GMO Directivae contentionem sustinent legislaturae Europaeae solum voluisse artes mutagenesis immunes eximere, prout restiterunt. 2001. Censet genus genus intitulatum "mutagenesis" logice comprehendere omnes illas artes, quae sunt, dato momento casui pertinet, intelligi pertinens categoriam, inter quaelibet nova.
Postero, Advocatus Generalis examinat utrum Civitates Sodales actu ulterius progredi possint quam GMO Directivum et decernat organismis subiiciendis mutagenesis obtentarum vel obligationum ab Ordinario statutarum vel ad regulas mere nationales statuendas.. Opinatur, quod mutagenesis exemptionem inserendo, legislaturae EU noluit eam rem in gradu EU moderari. Itaque, id spatium vacuum manet et, dummodo Civitates Sodales suam altiorem obligationes legis EU respiciant, de organismis per mutagenesis haberi possunt.
Quoad validitatem exemptionis mutagenesis, Advocatus Generalis agnoscit legislatorem debere eius ordinationem rationabiliter observare. Hoc officium cruciale fit respectu earum regionum ac quaestionibus, principio cautelae obductis, ut validitas legis EU mensurae sicut GMO Directivum non solum aestimanda est respectu rerum et cognitionum, prout steterunt in tempore adoptionis illius mensurae., sed etiam quod attinet ad officium servandi leges rationabiliter usque ad modernum.
Autem, Advocatus Generalis nullas causas videt ex officio generali ad leges renovandas promanantes (hoc casu auctum a principio cautelae) quae validitatem immutationis exemptionis afficere possent.
Declarationes et media coverage
- EPSO
- Custos
- Reuters: Nova feturae methodus a GMO regulis exempta est – EU aulae consiliarius
- https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-01013-5?WT.feed_name=subjects_climate-sciences
- http://www.europabio.org/agricultural-biotech/publications/one-step-closer-legal-clarity-plant-breeding?mc_cid=1000d8c51d&mc_eid=b89825d9e5
- https://gain.fas.usda.gov/Recent%20GAIN%20Publications/Advisory%20Legal%20Opinion%20Expected%20for%20New%20Plant%20Breeding%20Techniques%20_Brussels%20USEU_EU-28_1-16-2018.pdf
- http://gmwatch.org/en/news/archive/2018/18077
- https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/jan/18/gene-edited-crops-should-be-exempted-from-gm-food-laws-says-eu-lawyer
- http://www.scottishlegal.com/2018/01/18/ag-bobek-organisms-obtained-mutagenesis-exempt-gmo-directive/
- http://www.gmwatch.org/en/news/archive/2018/18077-modern-mutagenesis-techniques-are-genetic-engineering-and-give-rise-to-gmos
- https://www.greens-efa.eu/en/article/news/modern-mutagenesis technicae-are-gmos-ad-advocatus generalis/
- https://euobserver.com/tickers/140604
- https://geneticliteracyproject.org/2018/01/18/european-court-recommends-gene-edited-crops-exempt-eu-gmo-laws/
- https://www.politico.eu/pro/ecj-opinion-opens-the-door-to-contentious-plant-breeding-techniques/
- https://allianceforscience.cornell.edu/blog/european-union-opinion-gene-editing-insightful-or-missed-opportunity
in German:
- https://www.biotech-gm-food.com/aktuelles/mutagenese-nicht-immer-gentechnik
- Speculum cotidie (German)
- https://www.demeter.de/aktuell/gentechnik-kennzeichnen-und-regulieren
- https://www.ots.at/presseaussendung/OTS_20180118_OTS0198/bio-austria-zu-neuen-gentechnik-verfahren-gentechnikfreiheit-oesterreichs-sichern
- https://www.juris.de/jportal/portal/page/homerl.psml?nid=jnachr-JUNA180100146&cmsuri=%2Fjuris%2Fde%2Fnachrichten%2Fzeigenachricht.jsp
- https://www.keine-gentechnik.de/nachricht/32948/
- http://www.tagesspiegel.de/wissen/europaeischer-gerichtshof-vor-der-entscheidung-crispr-ist-nicht-immer-gentechnik/20864058.html
- https://www.ots.at/presseaussendung/OTS_20180118_OTS0065/gentechnik-ist-gentechnik-urteil-des-europaeischen-gerichtshofs-ist-ein-rueckschlag-fuer-saatgut-und-umweltschutzverbaende
- https://www.ots.at/presseaussendung/OTS_20180118_OTS0198/bio-austria-zu-neuen-gentechnik-verfahren-gentechnikfreiheit-oesterreichs-sichern
- https://www.ots.at/presseaussendung/OTS_20180118_OTS0194/eugh-meinung-zur-neuen-gentechnik-bedroht-die-vielfalt
- https://www.ots.at/presseaussendung/OTS_20180118_OTS0086/greenpeace-auch-neue-gentechnik-verfahren-riskant-fuer-umwelt-und-gesundheit
Swedish:
- http://www.atl.nu/lantbruk/hoppfullt-besked-for-vaxtforadlare-i-dag/
- http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=406&artikel=6865043
Gallico:
Nexus Related: