بيان صحفي لمحكمة العدل التابعة للاتحاد الأوروبي, 13 سبتمبر 2017
في 1998, سمحت المفوضية الأوروبية بطرح الذرة المعدلة وراثيا MON في الأسواق 810. في قرارها, وأشارت الهيئة إلى رأي اللجنة العلمية الذي جاء فيه أنه لا يوجد سبب للاعتقاد بأن هذا المنتج سيكون له أي آثار ضارة على صحة الإنسان أو البيئة..
في 2013, the Italian Government asked the Commission to adopt emergency measures to prohibit the cultivation of maize MON 810 in the light of some new scientific studies carried out by two Italian research institutes. On the basis of a scientific opinion issued by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the Commission concluded that there was no new science-based evidence to support the requested emergency measures and to invalidate its previous conclusions about the safety of maize MON 810. على الرغم من هذا, في 2013 the Italian Government adopted a ministerial decree prohibiting the cultivation of MON 810 in Italian territory.
في 2014, Mr Giorgio Fidenato and others cultivated maize MON 810 in breach of the ministerial decree, for which they were prosecuted.
In the context of criminal proceedings brought against those persons, the Tribunale di Udine (District Court, Udine, إيطاليا) asked the Court of Justice, in particular, whether emergency measures may, in relation to food, be taken on the basis of the precautionary principle. In accordance with the precautionary principle, Member States may adopt emergency measures in order to avert risks to human health that have not yet been fully identified or understood because of scientific uncertainty.
By its judgment delivered today, the Court points out, first of all, that both EU food law and EU legislation on genetically modified food and feed seek to ensure a high level of protection of human health and consumers’ interest, whilst ensuring the effective functioning of the internal market, of which the free movement of safe and wholesome food and feed is an essential aspect.
In that context, the Court finds that, حيث لا يكون من الواضح أن المنتجات المعدلة وراثيا من المحتمل أن تشكل خطرا جسيما على صحة الإنسان, صحة الحيوان أو البيئة, ليس لدى المفوضية ولا الدول الأعضاء خيار اعتماد تدابير طارئة مثل حظر زراعة الذرة MON 810.
وتؤكد المحكمة على المبدأ التحوطي, الذي يفترض عدم اليقين العلمي فيما يتعلق بوجود خطر معين, لا يكفي لاعتماد مثل هذه التدابير. على الرغم من أن هذا المبدأ قد يبرر اعتماد تدابير مؤقتة لإدارة المخاطر في مجال الغذاء بشكل عام, ولا يسمح بتجاهل أو تعديل الأحكام المنصوص عليها فيما يتعلق بالأغذية المعدلة وراثيا, وخاصة عن طريق الاسترخاء لهم, since those foods have already gone through a full scientific assessment before being placed on the market.
علاوة على ذلك, the Court finds that a Member State may, where it has officially informed the Commission of the need to resort to emergency measures and where the Commission has not acted, adopt such measures at the national level. Furthermore, it may maintain or renew those measures, so long as the Commission has not adopted a decision requiring their extension, amendment or abrogation. In those circumstances, the national courts have jurisdiction to assess the lawfulness of the measures concerned.
ال full text of the judgment is published on the CURIA website on the day of delivery.