The RNA-Directed DNA Methylation (RdDM) technique employs the insertion of genes encoding RNAs that are homologous to the promoter regions of the target gene. Transcription of the inserted gene leads to double stranded RNAs that are subsequently cut into small RNAs that induce methylation of the promoter region of the target gene, with the result that the target gene will be silenced (transriptional gene silencing – TGS).
נ.ב: The change of the methylation pattern can be passed on to subsequent generations, even if the inserted gene is no longer present.
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