Activist anti-GM qub apologises rau anti GM campaigns

Thaum ib tug qhuab ntuas txhaj Oxford ua sablaj (London, 3 Lub ib hlis ntuj 2013), qub Anti-GM activist Mark Lynas apologised rau cov anti GM campaigns thiab es nws twb tau muab kev koom tes rau hauv.

Hauv qab no yog cov ntawv nyeem uas nws qhuab qhia. Nyob hauv qab ntawm nplooj ntawv no ua, translations thiab ntxiv mus muab.

“Kuv xav pib nrog ib co apologies. Rau hauv daim ntawv, ntawm no thiab cov upfront, Kuv apologise rau neb siv ntau xyoo ripping mus GM qoob loo.

Kuv kuj thov txim uas kuv pab pib cov anti-GM zog rov qab rau lub mid Kwvyees li xyoo 1990, thiab pab kom kuv li no tau nyob rau hauv demonising ib tug tseem ceeb hauj xaiv uas yuav siv tau los pab cov ib puag ncig.
Ua ib environmentalist, thiab ib tug neeg ntseeg hais tias kom sawv daws nyob rau hauv ntiaj teb no muaj txoj cai kom muaj kev noj qab nyob zoo thiab tsis zoo noj uas lawv xaiv, Kuv kuj tsis tau xaiv ib txog kev uas counter-productive dua. Kuv tu tam sim no siab nws kiag li.

Vim li ntawd kuv twv koj mam muab wondering – dabtsi tshwmsim ntawm 1995 tam sim no uas ua kuv tsis tsuas hloov tau kuv lub siab tab sis tuaj ntawm no thiab lees zoo zoo xwb? Qhov tshij, cov lus teb yog lus haum: Kuv sab kev kawm, thiab cia rau hauv tus txheej txheem kuv siab kuv los ua ib tus zoo environmentalist.

Thaum kuv xub hnov txog tus Monsanto GM soya kuv paub hais raws nraim li kuv xav. Ntawm no yog ib tug loj American corporation muaj ib cov teev tseg khiav siab phem, muab tej yam tshiab thiab sim rau hauv peb cov zaub mov uas tsis qhia peb. Nws cov noob ntawm hom seemed yuav txog li unnatural li koj muab tau – ntawm nov tau tib neeg kis tau ntau yam hwj huam uas hauj; tej yam tau ua txhua yam mus horribly lawm.

Cov noob yuav kis tau zoo li tej yam uas muaj kuab paug nyob. Nws yog cov khoom hauv npau suav phem.

No tshai yuav kis tau li wildfire, thiab tsis pub dhau ob peb xyoos GM ntawd yeej tseem zoo banned nyob teb chaws Europe, thiab peb txhawj tau exported ntawm cov NGOs xws li cov Greenpeace thiab cov phooj ywg uas lub ntiaj teb rau Africa, Is Nrias teb thiab tas cov teb chaws Asia, qhov twg GM no tseem banned hnub no. Qhov no yog phiaj los nqis rau vam meej ntau tes kuv puas tau mus koom tes nrog rau.
Qhov no kuj ntsees ib lub zog los tiv thaiv kev kawm. Peb ua hauj lwm ntau imagery txog zaum hauv lawv no–piv cackling demonically thaum lawv nrog cov heev building blocks lub neej tinkered. Li no lossis khoom noj khoom haus Frankenstein – kiag li qhov no txog deep-seated ntsi ntawm kev powers siv nyiag rau hnub unnatural. Peb tsis realise zoo li cas thaum lub sij hawm yog tias tus ntawv tiag Frankenstein dab twb tsis GM tshuab, tab sis peb tsis tiv thaiv.

Los rau kuv no los tiv thaiv kev kawm environmentalism ntawv ua qhia inconsistent nrog kuv environmentalism pro-kev kawm kev xav txog kev hloov kev nyab xeeb. Kuv luam tawm kuv thawj phau ntawv nyob sov thoob ntiajteb taus nyob 2004, thiab kuv twb txiav txim tau kom nws ncav credible qhov sau cia ib tug los ntawm cov zajlus.

Li ntawd, kuv yuav tsum rov tuaj rau hauv zaj dabneeg uas kuv mus txawv tebchaws los Neeg Alaska nrog satellite cov ntaub ntawv rau hauv hiav txwv cov dej khov, thiab kuv yuav tsum nrhiav pov thawj rau kuv duab ntawm disappearing glaciers nyob hauv lub Andes nrog cov ntaub ntawv mus sij hawm ntev uas huab hwm coj tshuav roob glaciers. Uas meant kuv yuav tsum tau kawm nyeem cov ntaub ntawv rau kev yuav ua li cas, to taub yooj yim txheeb cais thiab ua literate nyob rau txawv teb ntawm oceanography los paleoclimate, uas kuv kawm ntawv nyob txoj thiab niaj hnub yav dhau los pab kuv nrog ib tug great kam.

Kuv nrhiav tau kuv tus kheej lossi arguing nrog cov neeg uas kuv tau ua los tiv thaiv science incorrigibly, vim lawv tsis mloog cov climatologists thiab tsis pom zoo txog kev nyab xeeb kev hloov kev kev muaj tiag. Yog li kuv lectured lawv hais txog cov nqi ntawm kev saib xyuas, hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev yeem thiab seb qhov tseeb xwb uas yog mattered ploj luam cov feem distinguished scholarly txhua hnub.

Kuv tsaam thawj phau thib ob, 6 Cov Degrees, Yog tias yav tag los nws twb yeej nqi rau tej haiv neeg muaj koob muaj npe science phau ntawv zog sciency li, thiab kev nyab xeeb zaum kuv twb yog tus phooj ywg nrog yuav joke tias kuv paub ntau txog txoj kev kawm tshaj lawv. Thiab tsis tau, incredibly, lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv no 2008 Kuv tseem yog penning screeds nyob rau ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas zuj qhov kev kawm ntawm GM – tej tias kuv twb ua tsis muaj kev kawm tshawb fawb txog lub npe, thiab muaj ib tug zoo nkauj xwb tus kheej nkag siab. Kuv tsis xav tias kuv yuav puas tau yuav nyeem cov neeg zoo ntawv rau biotechnology los cog kev kawm nyob qib pib no txawm.

Obviously no contradiction heev heev untenable. Muaj dabtsi yeej txawb kuv qee yam ntawm cov lus kom kuv zaum kawg anti-GM Saib Tshooj. Hauv particular critic ib tug hais rau kuv: li ntawd, koj nyob nraum txojcai kom GM ntawm lub hauv paus uas nws yog marketed uas loj corporations. Yog koj tseem opposed los log vim vim hais tias nws yog marketed ua tus loj pib companies?

Yog li kuv puas tau ib co kev nyeem ntawv. Thiab kuv sab ntawd ib tug yog tug ua kuv ntseeg cherished txog GM nres tau me ntsis ntxiv dua ntsuab nroog myths xwb.

Kuv twb assumed tias nws yuav ua kom tau txoj kev siv cov tshuaj. Nres kom paub tias tus kab-resistant paj rwb thiab pobkws ntxiv dua insecticide.

Kuv twb assumed GM benefited tuam txhab uas tsuas qhov loj muag. Nws muab tias billions nyiaj ntawm cov nyiaj muaj accruing los teb yog hu ua deductible inputs tsawg dua.

Kuv twb assumed tias Terminator Technology nyob robbing teb los ntawm txoj cai tseg noob. Nws muab tias hybrids twg uas ntev dhau los, thiab cov Terminator ntawd yeej tsis sim.

Kuv twb assumed tias tsis muaj ib tug xav GM. Ua tau dab tsi tshwmsim yog tias Bt paj rwb txawm pirated mus rau hauv khej thiab puav npaj soya rau hauv Brazil vim lawv xav ua li lawv siv tswv teb.

Kuv twb assumed tias GM yog yus. Nws muab uas yog nyob xeeb dua qub thiab ntau leej dua pa qe mutagenesis siv piv txwv; GM cia li txav ob peb lub noob, whereas qe pa mucks rau lub genome tag nrho txoj kev mus sib hais thiab kev ua yuam kev.

Tab sis zoo li cas hais txog nws cov noob ntawm hom ncaj? Cov ntses thiab cov lws suav? Koj lem tawm kab mob li ntawd txhua lub sijhawm, raws li cov nroj tsuag thiab kab thiab txawm li peb – nws hu ua noob flow.

Tab sis qhov no yog qhov pib xwb tseem. Vim li ntawd kuv peb phau Vaj tswv lub hom kuv junked tag nrho rau environmentalist orthodoxy ntawm tus nyuam thiab sim ntsia hauv daim duab loj nyob rau lub planetary teev.

Thiab qhov no yog kev xub ntsib lub hnub no peb: peb yeej yuav tau mus noj 9.5 billion hopefully ntau dua pluag neeg los 2050 nyob txog tib yam tsaws thaj tsam li peb niaj hnub siv, siv xwb fertiliser, dej thiab tshuaj tua kab thiab lub ntsiab lus teb uas muaj kev nyab xeeb loj-hloov.
Wb unpack no kuj nce mentsis. Kuv paub nyob hauv ib lub xyoos ntawd dhau los qhuab qhia nyob rau hauv kev sib tham no muaj ib lub npe ntawm pejxeem kev loj hlob. Cov chaw no heev yog beset yog myths xwb. Tib neeg xav tias muaj cov fertility nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb loj hlob tau qhov teebmeem loj – hauv, cov neeg txom nyem nrog cov me nyuam ntau, thiab peb thiaj li yuav yog family planning los ib yam txawm tias dab drastic li mass ib ntawm tus me nyuam cov cai.

Cov kev muaj tiag yog qhov tias nruab nrab fertility ntiaj teb no yuav nqes los txog 2.5 – thiab yog hais tias koj xav txog tias tej kev hloov 2.2, no daim duab tsi ntau ntau saum toj no uas muaj. Li ntawd, qhov twg yog txoj kev loj hlob hauv pejxeem loj heev los? Nws los yog vim tsis muaj koos mos thuaj – ob hnub no tus youngsters yog zuj zus rau lawv cov me nyuam es tuag uas tiv thaiv tau cov kab mob uas tseem yog menyuam yaus thaum ntxov.

Cov poob sai heev rau cov menyuam mos liab tuag no yog ib qhov zoo tshaj xov xwm dab neeg hauv peb lub xyoo caum thiab cov heartland ntawm qhov dab neeg no zoo kawg thiab zoo yog sub-Saharan Africa. Nws tsis yog tias muaj cov legions me nyuam tau yug – qhov tseeb, nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm Hans Rosling, peb yeej twb nyob 'me nyuam ncov'. Li no, hais txog 2 billion tus me nyuam puas ciaj hnub no, thiab yuav tsis txhob muaj ntau tshaj uas vim koos fertility.

No, tab sis ntau tshaj ntawd tus no 2 cov me nyuam yaus billion yuav ciaj sia ua adulthood hnub no mus yuav tau lawv cov me nyuam. Cov niam txiv ntawm tus neeg hluas uas muaj 2050. Li no yog qhov uas tus 9.5 pejxeem billion projection rau 2050. Koj tsis tau muaj ib tug me nyuam poob, Vaj tswv txwv, Txawm tias tau ib tug niam txiv, yuav tsum paub tias koos thuaj mos yog ib tug zoo.

Li ntawd, cov zaub mov ntau npaum li cas yuav tag nrho cov neeg no yuav tsum? Raws li qhov tseeb projections, luam tawm rau lub xyoo kawg ntawm cov zaug ntawm qhov National Academy of Sciences, peb saib lub ntiaj teb no thov nce zoo dua 100% yog mid-xyoo pua. Qhov no yog tshajplaws mus ua GDP kev loj hlob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau teb chaws.

Hauv, peb yuav tau los ua zaub mov ntau tsis yog los kom nrog cov pejxeem, tiam sis vim muaj me nyuam txom nyem no maj mam rhais musthiab, nrog rau lub malnutrition ntau uas tseem hnub no txhais close rau 800 lab cov neeg mus pw tshaib plab txhua hmo. Thiab kuv yuav cam leej twg rau hauv ib lub teb chaws nplua nuj hais tias GDP loj nyob hauv cov teb chaws txom nyem yog ib tus phem tshaj plaws.

Tab sis vim cov hlob no peb muaj loj heev environmental dabtsi los tackle. Av conversion yog ib qhov loj ntawm lub tsev cog khoom gases, thiab saib tsam tus loj tshaj qhov uas yuav tu biodiversity. Qhov no yog lwm vim li cas vim intensification yog ib qho – peb muaj loj hlob ntxiv rau hauv av xwb thiaj li yuav txuag lub rainforests thiab yeej ntxiv tej yam ntuj tso los ntawm tus plough.

Peb kuj muaj hais nrog dej xwb – depleting tsis yog tsawg kawg kiag tiamsis kuj droughts tias cov tuaj ntaus nrog ua siv nyob rau lub heartlands ntawm continents tsaug tsaam thawj hloov agricultural. Yog peb muab ntau tshaj cov dej los ntawm cov hav dej peb leeb biodiversity tsis nyob hauv cov yeej uas koj lub cev tsis kho.

Peb kuj xav kom tswj nitrogen siv zoo dua: yog qhov tseem ceeb los pub tib neeg dag fertiliser, tab sis nws txoj kev siv inefficient txhais tau tuag aav nyob rau hauv ntau nqaum chaw thoob ntiaj teb thiab lub Gulf of Mexico, as Well as eutrophication nyob rau hauv cov dej tshiab ecosystems.
Yog tsis txaus rau zaum rov qab thiab cia siab hais tias hauj innovation yuav daws tau qhov teeb meem peb. Peb yuav tsum tau ntau npaum li cas activist thiab xaiv yaam tshaj uas. Peb yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias cov miv hauj innovation ib tug txav loj dua, thiab nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia txoj kev rau cov neeg uas tseem xav.

Nyob rau hauv ib peb twb tau nyob ntawm no ua ntej. Luam thaum Paul Ehrlich tawm lub pejxeem foob nyob rau hauv 1968, nws sau tau: "Tsov rog rau tag nrho cov tib neeg noj lawm. Tshaib nyob hauv lub 1970s 175,000 lab tus tib neeg yuav plab tuag tis tus twg nrau kev embarked raws li qhov tam sim no."

Pab tswv yim los yog qhia tau meej heev – nyob rau hauv cov pob tawb-rooj teb chaws xws li Is Nrias teb, nyiaj cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo li tshaib plab sai dua qhov tom qab ntawd, thiab vim li no kev pab khoom noj khoom haus rau lawv yuav tsum tau eliminated los txo cov pejxeem kev loj hlob.

Nws twb tsis muaj menyuam mus saib ordained tias Ehrlich yuav tsis ncaj ncees lawm. qhov tseeb, Yog hais tias txhua tus neeg muaj heeded 175,000 lab tus tib neeg nws pab tswv yim yuav zoo tuag vimchij. Tab sis hauv lub event, malnutrition twb muab txiav dramatically, Is Nrias teb los ua zaub mov tos, tsaug rau Norman Borlaug thiab nws cov leeg kiv puag ncig.

Nws tseem ceeb yuav tau nco qab tias Borlaug yog Attendance li ntshai tsam pejxeem hlob ua Ehrlich. Nws cia li xav yog tsim nyog sim ua tej yam hais txog nws. Nws yog ib tug pragmatist vim nws ntseeg ua dab tsi twb tau, tiam sis nws tseem muaj idealist vim nws ntseeg tias neeg zaws deserved yuav tau noj txaus.

Ces ho Norman Borlaug ua tau dab tsi? Nws muab rau science thiab kev siv tshuab. Tib neeg yog ib tug tuam vaj hom – los ntawm cov khaub ncaws los ploughs, tshuab yog neeg dab tsi distinguishes peb ntawm lwm apes. Thiab ntau ntau no yuav ua tau teem rau lub genome ntawm loj nyeg qoob loo – yog nplej, Piv txwv, yuav tau luv luv thiab muab ntau dua kev siv zog hauv noob vaj es ntsug tus kav tsis mus, ces yields yuav zoo thiab yuav tsum minimised lis poob vim ServiceÓ.

Ua ntej Borlaug tuag tas rau 2009 nws siv ntau xyoo campaigning tiv thaiv cov neeg rau thoj thiab ideological yam txheem nplaj innovation hauv kev ua liaj/teb. Los cim: "Yog lub naysayers hwj txwv agricultural biotechnology, tshwm sim sai lawv zaum ua tau sai rau famines thiab lub ntsoog rau ntiaj teb no biodiversity cua lawv tau raug hais kom ze li ntawm 40 xyoo."

Thiab, thanks rau supposedly campaigns tej kis los ntawm affluent lub teb chaws, peb yog perilously xwm no txoj hauj lwm tam sim no. Biotechnology tsis tau lawm, tab sis nws lawm prohibitively kim kom tas tiam sis tus heev biggest corporations.
Tam sim no nqi kaum tawm lab tus tau txais ib cov qoob loo ntawm lub tshuab ntxawg nyob txawv teb chaws. Qhov tseeb qhov nuj nqis tseeb kuv twb nyuam qhuav pom ntawm CropLife hais nqi $139 plhom txav ntawm discovering kev zoo losis tus tshiab cov qoob loo phem kom puv commercialisation, thiaj li yuav tau qhib qhov chaw los yog pej xeem sector biotech yeej tsis sawv ib sij hawm.

Yog ib tug depressing irony nov uas yog txoj kev los tiv thaiv biotech campaigners yws txog GM qoob loo tsuas tau marketed ntawm cov corporations loj loj thaum muaj teeb meem uas lawv tau ua ntau tshaj leej twg pab nqa tuaj lawm no.

Nyob hauv cov EU lub kaw lus yuav nyob ib standstill, thiab GM qoob loo ntau muaj tau tos ib xyoo caum los yog ob qhov kev pom zoo tiamsis muaj zwm tuav los ntawm lub twisted txom txoj kev biotech los tiv thaiv lub teb chaws Fabkis thiab Austria. Thoob qab ntuj khwb lub qeeb ntxawg tau si kom ntau tshaj 5 thiab muaj ib nrab xyoo tam sim no, ntawm 3.7 xyoo rov qab rau hauv 2002. Cov xwm txheej bureaucratic zoo heev tshaj.
Fabkis, Nco ntsoov, ntev tsis kam txais cov qos yaj ywm vim nws yog ib tug American ntshuam. Thaum ib tus commentator tso nws nyuam qhuav, Teb chaws Europe yog nyob rau lub verge ntawm kab ib cov zaub mov tsev cia puav pheej. Peb cov kev pab zoo fed yog qauj muag ntawm romantic nostalgia rau cov tshuaj ua teb uas yav tag los. Vim peb muaj txaus noj, peb yuav them taus rau indulge peb cov aesthetic illusions.

Tab sis tib lub sij hawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm yields thoob ntiaj teb muaj stagnated rau ntau cov zaub mov loj, raws li kev tshawb fawb luam xwb dhau hli Jonathan Foley thiab lwm cov phau ntawv journal xwm Communications tsom. Yog hais tias peb tsis tau yield hlob rov rau peb xwb yuav muaj teeb meem cia nrog pejxeem kev loj hlob thiab uas yuav ua tau kom khiav, thiab yuav nce thiab ntau dua li cov av nyob tom ntawm xwm rau kev ua liaj/teb.

Yuav rov cim Norman Borlaug: "Kuv tam sim no hais tias lub ntiaj teb muaj ib lub tshuab — txawm tias yog muaj los zoo siab heev nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshawb pipeline — los noj rau ntawm lub hauv paus sustainable ib tug neeg nyob rau 10 billion tibneeg. Qhov ntxiv raus nug hnub no yog seb teb thiab ranchers yuav muaj cai siv no tus tshiab? Thaum lub affluent mas yuav yeej nyiaj yuav xyaum ultra yuav raug tsawg txaus qhia, thiab them ntau tshaj rau cov khoom noj uas ua los ntawm 'organic' kev sib, lub ib kuj ri undernourished cov neeg uas tsis muaj nyiaj, tsis noj sis tshaj tiag tau."

Raws li Borlaug hais, saib tsam tswvyim hais ua dabneeg pernicious feem rau txhua yam yog tias organic ntau lawm yeej zoo, tog twg los rau neeg los yog cov ib puag ncig. Tsab cai idea uas yog tsis muaj mob muaj lawm pheej disproved nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem kev. Peb kuj paub los ntawm kev tshawb fawb tias organic kuj tuav, muaj txog li 40-50% sab yields ntawd tej teb chaw. Cov av Association mus poj lengths nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv qhia txog tsis ntev los no rau noj lub ntiaj teb uas muaj organic tsis pav no cov kis productivity.

Yog tsis pub nws ua pav ntawd overall, Yog koj mus rau hauv tus account av xaav teebmeem, organic no kuj yuav tuaj rau biodiversity. Xwb lawv tham txog lub ntiaj teb zoo tagnrho uas nyob rau sab hnub poob yog cov neeg noj dua nqaij thiab yej zuag qhia tag nrho kom tib neeg nyob hauv lub teb chaws ua muaj feem ntau. Simplistic dev paus yog qhov no.

Yog hais tias koj xav txog nws, cov organic kev txav mus los hauv nws lub plawv ib rejectionist ib. Nws tsis kam txais ntau hom tshiab yees rau txujci. Ib yam li cov Amish nyob rau Pennsylvania, leej twg froze lawv tshuab nrog tus nees thiab laub rau hauv 1850, yeej tseem zoo lub zog organic freezes cov tshuab hauv tej thaj tsam 1950, thiab tsis muaj tus zoo vim.

Nws tsis txawm siv cov tswv yim no li qhia siv kuj txawm li cas los. Kuv tau nyeem hauv av Association magazine tsis ntev los no hais tias nws yog ywm blast nroj nrog flamethrowers los kib nrog fais currents, tab sis, benign herbicides li glyphosate tseem muaj no-no vim tias lawv yog 'dag chemical'.

Nyob hauv kev muaj tiag yog tsis txhaum txhua vim li cas zam qhov muab tshuaj yog zoo rau lub chaw – tus txheem heev tiag li. Tshawb nrhiav tsis ntev los no ntawm Jesse Ausubel thiab lug txhawb cov miv nyob Rockefeller University ntsia ntau npaum li cas ntxiv farmland Indian teb yuav muaj mus faus siv tus yees txog hnub no 1961 hnub no tau txais yog yield zuag qhia tag nrho. Teb hais tias 65 lab hectares, thaj tsam ntawd luaj li cas ntawm Fabkis.

Nyob rau hauv Suav teb, tswv teb maize spared 120 lab hectares, thaj tsam ob zaug ntawd luaj li cas ntawm Fabkis, tsaug nplaj yees tau ntau dua yields. Nyob rau lub ntiaj teb no teev, ntawm 1961 thiab 2010 qhov chaw nkawv hlob los tsuas 12%, whilst kilocalories ib tug neeg twg sawv ntawm 2200 mus 2800. Yog li txawm nrog peb kuj coob, sawv daws tseem tshuav ntau yam noj tsaug ntau lawm nce ntawm 300% nyob rau hauv tib lub sij hawm.

Heev npaum li cas teb chaws thoob qab ntuj nyob spared hauv txoj kev ua tsaug no yield ua txoj kev txhim kho, uas inputs tshuaj ntaus lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb heev? Teb hais tias 3 billion hectares, los yog qhov sib npaug ntawm ob sab qab zog Americas. Yuav muaj tsis Amazon rainforest laug hnub no tsis tau qhov kev txhim kho nyob rau hauv yields. Tsis muaj yuav muaj tsov nyob rau khej los orang utans rau Indonesia. Yog vim li cas kuv tsis paub vim li cas thiaj li muaj ntau cov neeg tawm tsam kev siv tshuab rau hauv kev ua liaj/teb hu rau lawv tus kheej environmentalists.

Li ntawd, nyob qhov twg puas no txheem tuaj? Muaj zoo yuav muaj ntau assumption sib npaug li uas niaj hnub siv tshuab nkaus cov yuav raug ntau tshaj. Yeej muaj ntau ntau yam heev ntuj thiab organic kev fim tau mob hnyav thiab tuag thaum ntxov, raws li tus debacle nrog rau lub teb chaws Yelemees cov organic beansprouts proved rau 2011. Qhov no yog ib lis piam sij puag ntsoog, nrog cov tib neeg tuag thiab raug mob thaum muaj mob los ntawm Chernobyl, vim E.-coli zaum ntawm cov tsiaj cov quav kis organic beansprout noob mas los tim lyiv teb chaws.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho 53 cov neeg uas tau tuag thiab 3,500 raug kev nyuaj loj lub raum tsis ua hauj lwm. Thiab vim li cas ho muaj cov tau txais kev pab xaiv organic? Vim lawv xav tias nws muaj kev ruaj ntseg dua thiab tsis muaj mob, thiab lawv ntshai ntawm nkaus tsis tseem ceeb txaus ntshai los ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab-seeb tshuaj tsuag thiab fertilisers.

Yog koj saib qhov teeb meem no tsis prejudice, ntau ntau tus sib cav tswv yim, ob yam ntawd los tiv thaiv biotech thiab organic, no tsuas them rau naturalistic fallacy – ntseeg ntawd natural yog zoo, thiab khoom cua phem. Qhov no nws yog ib tug fallacy vim muaj ntau txaus nkaus yam tshuaj lom tuag thiab txoj kev tuag, raws li koj cov kwv tij neej tsa cov neeg tuag los ntawm E. coli lom yuav qhia koj.

Rau cov organic, cov naturalistic fallacy elevated rau hauv lub central guiding txujci rau ib tug tas zog. Qhov no nws yog irrational thiab peb tshuav nws rau lub ntiaj teb thiab mus rau peb cov me nyuam yuav tau ua zoo.

Yog li no tsis hais tias organic ua teb muaj dabtsi muab rau – muaj ntau ntau yam zoo caag uas tau tsim, intercropping thiab luag planting, twg thiaj yuav environmentally zoo, Txawm tias lawv yuav muab co labour-intensive. Agro-ecology recyling as-ham thiab kev qhia txog teb ntau haiv qauv kuj noj tau ntau tiag qhov txhia chaw.
Tab sis cov organic in the way of tau zoo thaum yog nws tsis kam tso cai rau innovation. Rov siv GM raws li tus piv txwv cuab kev tshaj plaws, ntau peb tiam GM loo pub peb tsis siv tshuaj environmentally-ua vim lub genome ntawm cov qoob loo nug tau raug kho kom tsob nroj yuav thaiv nws tus kheej ntawm kab tsuag. Yog vim li cas uas tsis organic?

Organic tseem nyob hauv txoj kev uas thaum nws yuav muab siv coj mus xaiv los ntawm lwm tus. Yog ib nqe lus commonest tiv thaiv GM yog tias organic teb yuav yuav 'paug' GM paj ntoos, thiab thiaj li tsis muaj ib tug yuav tsum pub siv nws. Yog li cov kev cai ntawm ib haiv neeg tsawg heeled zoo, uas tuaj kawg rau ib tug neeg nyiam raws loog, trump cai ntawm lwm tus neeg sawv daws siv kev paub cov qoob loo uas yuav pab tau cov ib puag ncig.

Kuv yog txhua yam rau lub ntiaj teb los ntawm ntau haiv, tiam sis nws txhais tau tias ib zog ua teb tsis tau thov kom muaj ib cov monopoly uas siab zoo thiab tsom tom excluding tag nrho lwm yam xaiv. Peb tsis muaj hav zoov tiaj tus nqi yog vim li cas? Qhov no yog lub rooj tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws shackles peb mus yees hluas uas muaj dua xam qhovkev yam dua tus tshiab.

No mas, xws li yuav luag yog txhua leej txhua tus yuav tau them homage 'organic' thiab lo lus nug no orthodoxy no unthinkable. Zoo kuv nyob ntawm no mus nug nws hnub no.

Biggest feem rau txhua yam yog tias peb tsis coj kom zoo dua rau txhua hom caij rau innovation vim muaj dab tsi nyob hauv kev muaj tiag me ntsis ntxiv dua prejudice dig muag. Cia kuv muab koj ob lus piv ntxwv, ob tus regrettably involving Greenpeace.

Tsaib no Greenpeace puas nplej GM qoob Australia, rau tag nrho cov tshuaj yam, Kuv paub zoo heev uas neb ua nws kuv tus kheej. Qhov no yog qhov nyiaj kwv los ntawm lub koom haum lub tebchaws no, suav kev tshawb fawb tshawb, tab sis txawm. Lawv tau tiv thaiv nws vim nws yog GM thiab unnatural.

Yog li ob peb tus neeg muaj lawm hnov ntawd ib tug txog lwm yam raug tau undertaken, twg Greenpeace activists nrog lawv strimmers luckily twg tsis tswj kom cov, ntawd nyob lub nplej yield nce txog ib extraordinary 30%. Nyuam qhuav xav. Txoj kev paub no tej zaum yeej muaj lawm ua txhua, Yog hais tias Greenpeace twb succeeded ntawm kev rhuav tseg no innovation. Ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub NFU Peter Kendall suggeseted nyuam qhuav, qhov no nws yog analogous hlawv ntawv rau lub tsev qiv ntawv ua ntej tus neeg twg lawm yuav nyeem lawv.

Ntu ob los suav teb, qhov twg Greenpeace tswj kom ua ib lub teb chaws media ceeb los thov kev pab uas ob teb cov me nyuam tau siv raws li pej xeem guinea pigs nyob rau ib rooj plaub ntawm GM golden nplej. Lawv muab cov tsis paub xav kom tus fact tias cov mov no yog tsis muaj mob, es yuav tseg txhiab tus me nyuam ntawm theem deficiency vitamin A dig muag thiab tuag txhua lub xyoo.

Dab tsi tshwm sim yog hais tias qhov peb suav zaum lub npe nyob rau hauv lub tso Greenpeace tau qhov hounded li thiab muaj lawm poob lawv txoj haujlwm, thiab nyob rau hauv ib lub teb chaws autocratic li suav teb lawv qhov teeb meem loj heev tus kheej. Chaw lwm qhov txoj kev cai uas ho golden nplej twb tau rau saum txee rau dua ib xyoo caum, thiab ua tsaug rau cov kev ua ub no ntawm tej pawg xws li Greenpeace yeej tsis tau muaj cov vitamin siv tsis tau cov neeg txom nyem.

Qhov no los kuv nco yog kev cib nyeej thiab tsis tub kom zoo, depriving qhov hais txog tej yam uas yuav pab lawv thiab lawv cov me nyuam vim yog lub aesthetic nyiam cov neeg nplua nuj neeg nyob deb deb uas tsis muaj kev phom sij ntawm Vitamin A muaj tsis txaus. Greenpeace yog ib tug $100 - vam ib xyoo multinational, thiab xws li yuav ua tau cov dej num ncaj ncees li tej lwm yam loj lag.

Tus fact tias golden mov yog tsim nyob rau hauv public sector thiab rau kev siv pej xeem nyiaj to tsis muaj dej khov rau lub antis. Coj kev tshawb Rothamsted, nws thawj tswj Maurice Moloney yog hais tag kis. Tsaib no Rothamsted pib ib rooj plaub ntawm ib tug aphid-resistant GM nplej uas yuav tsum tsis muaj tshuaj tua kab rau combat kab loj no.

Vim nws yog GM lub antis tau txiav txim kom nws. Tejyam vim tsis muaj lub siab tawv xibfwb John Pickett thiab nws pab neeg, leej twg coj YouTube thiab tshaj tawm qhia zaj dabneeg tseem ceeb vim lawv kev tshawb mattered thiab yog vim li cas nws yuav tsis tau trashed. Lawv sau txhiab tus kos npe rau ib daim ntawv thov thaum twg tus antis yuav tsuas tswj ob peb puas, thiab muaj kev puas tsuaj attempted yog ib cov phuam squib.

Intruder ib tug twg hwj scale laj kab, Txawm li cas los, leej twg muab tau lub zoo meej stereotypical anti-GM protestor – tus qub Etonian aristocrat nws colourful cov nqi dhau lawm ua rau peb Oxford lub zos Marquess of Blandford zoo li tus qauv ntawm lub luag hauj lwm citizenry.

Activist uas muaj siab yug los no ua li khiav ri organic nplej noob ncig lub kawm mus sib ua dab tsi yog txawm tau ib daim ntawv kom tau cov cim naturalness. Xib feb Pickett pab qhia kuv muaj low-tech heev tov rau kom tshem tau qhov lawv – lawv mus round nrog ib cordless portable hoover kom nws ntshiab.

Xyoo no, as Well as rov rau cov nplej mus sib hais, Rothamsted yuav ua hauj lwm rau ib qho omega 3 oilseed uas yuav hloov tau tsiaj qus ntses rau zaub mov noj rau farmed salmon. Yog li no yuav pab txo qhov overfishing los ntawm qhov uas raws li daim av feedstocks siv nyob rau hauv aquaculture. Yog nws yog GM, thiaj xav kom tus antis yuav txheem no heev, dua li ntawm qhov cuab kev tej tej nyiaj ntawd tej marine biodiversity.

Kuv tsis tau paub txog koj, tab sis kuv twb muaj txaus. Vim li ntawd kuv xaus no hnub no yog tseeb heev: kev sis caav GM lawm. Nws lawm. Peb tsis xav tham losis tsis yog zoo – dhau ib lub xyoo caum thiab ib nrab nrog peb trillion GM mov noj muaj yeej tsis tau ib zaug xwb substantiated rooj kev tsim txom. Koj muaj ntau ntaus tau ib qho asteroid dua los tau mob los ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus GM. Ntxiv rau, neeg tuag los ntawm kev xaiv organic, tab sis tsis muaj ib tug tuag lawm los noj GM.

Li kuv tau 10 xyoo dhau los, Greenpeace thiab cov av Association thov kom ua los ntawm kev yeem science, nrog rau kev hloov kev nyab xeeb. Tau rau GM yog ib pob zeb-tau kev yeem, backed los ntawm lub Association American rau Advancement of Science, Cov haiv neeg muaj koob muaj npe, kev institutes thiab teb chaws science academies thoob ntiaj teb. Tsis tau no phim kev tseeb yog ignored vim nws nrog lawv ideology conflicts.
Ib tug piv txwv lus kawg yog dab neeg tu siab uas GM qhov yog blight-resistant qos yaj ywm. Qhov no yog thaum tau tsim los ntawm ob lub Sainsbury (lab) thiab Teagasc, lub koom ib tug uas muaj qhov nyiaj haum nyob rau hauv Ireland – tiam sis Irish ntsuab tog, feem ntau cov thawj coj nws mus kev sib tham no heev, yog li ntawd, opposed tias lawv txawm rho ib cov ntaub ntawv tsev hais plaub tiv thaiv.

Qhov no yog dua tus fact blight-resistant qos yaj ywm yuav txuag tswv teb los ua 15 tshuaj txau fungicide ib lub caij, tias paj ntoos hloov tsis tsimnyog vim qos yaj ywm yuav clonally propagated thiab tias tib lub noob tuaj ntawm ib tug txheeb ze qus cov qos yaj ywm.

Yuav muaj ib tug zoo keeb kwm resonance mus coj ib tug qos yaj ywm blight-resistant tsim nyob rau hauv Ireland, muab lub lab los yog ntau dua uas tuag vim txoj kev tshaib plab qos yaj ywm rau lub mid puv 19 xyoo pua. Nws yuav tau ib tug zoo tshaj plaws rau Ireland yuav tau lub teb chaws uas tua yeej blight. Tab sis, tsaug Irish ntsuab tog, yog li no tsis tau.

Thiab cov tu lub antis tam sim no muaj cov bureaucrats lawv sab. Wales thiab Scotland yog cov GM dawb teb, kev medieval superstition uas tseemceeb heev rau devolved governments supposedly ua los ntawm cov kev kawm xaiv yaam.

Nws yog hmoov tsis tib ntau yam nyob rau ntau lub teb chaws Africa thiab Asia. Is Nrias teb muaj tso tseg Bt brinjal, Txawm tias nws yuav txo insecticide daim ntaub ntawv nyob hauv lub teb, thiab residues ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Tsoom fwv nyob rau khej no qhia rau thrall yuav rov qab-huas ideologues li Vandana Shiva, leej twg idealise tos muaj zos ua liaj/teb dua li ntawm cov keeb kwm fact tias nws yog ib tug me nyuam ua famines thiab cov yam ntxwv insecurity.

Nyob rau cov teb chaws Africa, 'tsis GM' tseem yog tus motto ua rau ntau governments. Kenya piv txwv ua tau Asmeslikas GM noj vim tus supposed "kho yam" txawm fact uas lawv yuav pab txo tau cov malnutrition uas yog rampant tseem nyob rau lub teb chaws – thiab malnutrition ntawm kev yog ib cov uas muaj pov thawj kev, uas tsis muaj pov thawj ntxiv yuav tsum muaj. Nyob rau Kenya yog tias koj muaj ib tug GM qoob yog muaj zoo noj haus los yog ib tug ntau dua yield pab poorer teb ces koj yuav mus rau hauv tsev kaw neeg ntawm 10 xyoo.

Yog li desperately-ntxiv agricultural innovation yog raug strangled los ntawm ib tug suffocating avalanche cov kev cai uas muaj raws yam meej pem kev xyuas txog txoj kev yuav mob. Txoj kev uas yuav niaj hnub no tsis hais tias leej twg yuav muaj teeb meem los ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus GM, tab sis hais tias lab yuav muaj teeb meem yog tsis muaj txaus noj, vim tias ib haiv neeg nyob rau cov teb chaws nplua nuj suab xav kom lawv noj mov yuav tsis xav li cas lawv txog tej yam ntuj tso.

Kuv vam tias tam sim no yam hloov. Tus zoo Bill thiab Melinda Gates foundation nyuam qhuav muab $10 plhom los rau John Innes Centre pib txoj mus integrate nitrogen kho tuition rau cov qoob loo loj noj, pib nrog pobkws. Yog, Greenpeace, tus no yuav yog GM. Tau xwb nws. Yog hais tias peb yeej yuav qhaws qhov teeb meem thoob ntiajteb-teev ntawm nitrogen paug ces coj loj qoob loo nroj tsuag kho lawv cov nitrogen yog ib lub hom phiaj ua nyog.

Kuv paub tias tsis muaj tseeb politically hais tag no, tab sis peb tsis tau ib tug loj koob ob thoob ntiaj teb tswvyim hais ua dabneeg-busting thiab de-cov kev cai. Cov cog zaum kuv paub tuav hau rau hauv lawv txhais tes thaum kuv tham txog qhov no nrog rau lawv vim governments thiab muaj coob tus neeg tau txais cov yuav raug lawv siab tsis ncaj ncees lawm yog li utterly, thiab foreclosing yog ib tug siv tshuab vitally tsim nyog.

Norman Borlaug yog tuag tam sim no, tab sis kuv xav tias peb honour nws nco thiab nws tsis pom kev, thaum peb tsis pub rau orthodoxies politically kom yog thaum peb paub tias lawv yuav tsis muaj tseeb. Cov tswg muaj siab. Yog hais tias peb yuav tau qhov no lawm, lub neej prospects billions tus neeg yuav muaj teeb meem.

Yog li kuv cam koj niaj hnub mus nug koj kev ntseeg rau hauv no tsam thiab saib seb lawv sawv ntsug kom meej pem xeem tag nrho. Nco ntsoov hais kom cov pov thawj, raws li campaigning cov neeg paub txog Science tswv yim, thiab ua zoo kom koj mus dhau self-referential ntaub ntawv campaigning cov NGOs.

Tab sis, tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, tswv teb yuav tsum xaiv seb tus yees lawv xav txais yuav dawb. Yog koj xav tias cov laus txoj kev uas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, ua. Koj muaj cov cai ntawd.

Cas koj tsis muaj cai ua yog kom sawv in the way of lwm leej lwm tus uas vam siv zog rau txoj kev uas koj ua tej yam txawv, thiab zoo hopefully. Tus tswv teb uas to taub txog qhov pressures ntawm ib tug neeg nyob pheej loj thiab lub ntiaj teb warming. Leej twg to taub yields ib hectare yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj tej metric. Thiab leej twg nkag siab tias lub tshuab tsis tsum tsim, thiab hais tias txawm lub fridge thiab qos yaj ywm tug tau tshiab thiab scary ib zaug.

Yog li kuv cov lus rau lub chaw tos txais anti-GM, ntawm tus muaj ibyam British aristocrats thiab celebrity chefs rau U.S. foodies rau cov neeg pluag pawg Is Nrias teb no puas yog. Koj muaj txoj cai kom koj views. Tab sis koj yuav tsum paub tau tias tam sim no txaus lawv yeej tsis siab los ntawm kev kawm. Peb los yog kom ib lub taw tes nkig, thiab for the sake of cov neeg thiab lub ntiaj chaw, tam sim no yog lub sij hawm uas koj yuav tau txais kev thiab pub kom peb tau nrog lub ntiaj teb pub sustainably.

Ua tsaug.”

Rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem tag nrho thiab yees ib tug duab uas nws hais lus nyem ntawm no.

Translations hais lus thiab mus ntxiv